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Open source is a philosophy which suggests that the source code
behind something should be freely available to the public. The
principle originated in the software industry in the late 1990s, with
several releases of open source software
and operating systems, and it has since diffused into other communities
as well. There are a number of strong arguments for releasing something
in open source format, whether it be a recording, a software tool, or
an entire
operating system.
The
main advantage to open source is that it allows end users to directly
interact with the source, potentially modifying it to suit their wishes.
This encourages constant development and innovation, while also
creating a community of shared information. Many companies which produce
open source products
rely on the innovations of users to expand features and to identify and
fix potential weak points, and these companies actively encourage
modification of their products.
There are varying levels of open
source. In some cases, for example, an open source release may have
certain restrictions, in which case some people prefer the term “shared
source,” or “shared commons.” For example, someone may release a
recording in open source format, but ask people not to profit from their
retooling of the album. Many advocates of the open source philosophy
prefer truly open source, allowing people to do whatever they want with
the source code and the end product.
Some people mistakenly believe that all open source material
is also automatically free. This is not, in fact, the case. Several
companies manufacture open source products which require people to pay
for them, with the fees supporting development of new products and
additional features. It is also common to see shared source licenses on
things which people pay for. Apple Computer, for example, releases some
of its technology under open source licenses.
Open Source has its critics, especially in the intellectual property community. Most of these critics argue that for open source development
and distribution to really work, a strong central organizer is needed,
and it is not unreasonable for major developers to expect compensations
for their work on open source projects. When material is truly open
source, however, it is challenging to figure out how to structure such
compensations, and this often leads to tangled issues with shared
licenses and restrictions which some people find chafing.
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